Young Persons' World Lecture Competition

Tamlyn Naidu - Winner

South Africa

Tamlyn is a PhD student in the department of chemical and metallurgical engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. She has spent most of her postgraduate degree involved in water rehabilitation and waste beneficiation projects, aiming to promote sustainability in the water space. She is part of the Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit and is also affiliated with the Center of Water Research. She believes that the failure to address the unsustainable use of water now will mean greater struggles in the future to achieve goals in a myriad other areas. Outside of school she is an avid cat enthusiast, food eater and movie watcher.

Acid Mine Drainage remediation system using waste products from the steel manufacturing and sugar industries

According to the United Nations, Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is classified as the second biggest environmental problem facing the planet, due to the amount produced worldwide as well as the high cost of treatment. Cost-effective remediation methods are thus strongly needed. The operation of a waste-beneficiation treatment scheme incorporating the use of two waste products; steel slag and sugarcane bagasse, is one such method. These products produced in many AMD-affected areas, can raise the pH of the AMD, enabling metal removal through precipitation and promoting sulphate removal through biological reduction. The slag is valorised through this process; hereafter being used in construction applications. The study confirmed the potential of these products in AMD treatment through a two-step chemical and biological process. Optimisation of the process could result in low cost AMD pre-treatment, or as a way for mines to recycle their acid water for use as process or agricultural water.

Jia Yong Lam - 2nd Place

Jia Yong Lam - Malaysia

Jia-Yong is a second year PhD student in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Universiti Putra Malaysia. His doctoral research focuses on the development of biosensor to improve the current diagnostics for leptospirosis, an often neglected disease, but of global importance. He completed his Bachelor's degree in biomedical science at Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, where he studied on genetic polymorphisms associated to nasopharyngeal cancer in his research project. He also holds a Master's degree in molecular medicine and bioengineering from National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan. During his Master's studies, he worked on the discovery of antivirals against dengue virus from natural products. He was awarded honorary membership of the Phi Tau Phi Scholastic Honour Society of the Republic of China for his academic achievements during his two-year stint in Taiwan. Having worked on various scientific fields in his researches, he believes that a multidisciplinary approach in research is the key for a more creative and ground-breaking solution to a problem. Outside the lab, Jia-Yong is an avid home cook and a food enthusiast. To him, doing research is like cooking; you need to plan, get the right materials, optimise the method, enjoy the outcome and finally do the cleaning.

DNA biosensor based on optical fibre for the detection of pathogen: A novel approach

Silica-made optical fibres transmit light through the total internal reflection principle and were originally intended for the use in communications. However, studies eventually discovered their biosensing potential. When light is propagated through the fibre, a portion of the light penetrates the fibre wall into the surrounding medium, recognising the different refractive index in the evanescent field. Thus, immobilising biological recognition elements at the surface allows for the detection of the specific analytes. Tapered optical fibre utilises the special geometries of the fibre to enhance its biosensing potential.

This presentation describes the development of a tapered optical fibre DNA biosensor for the detection of Leptospira DNA, a pathogen responsible for a globally important disease, leptospirosis. Optical fibres are tapered and functionalised by immobilising a DNA capture probe on its surface. The research findings show that the biosensor demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for detecting Leptospira DNA, and has great potential to be developed into a new model of diagnostic.

Morgan Lehtinen - 3rd Place

Canada

Morgan graduated with a BSc from Queen's University, Kingston and stayed on to continue her studies as a PhD candidate specialising in polymer and materials chemistry. Under the supervision of Professor Guojun Liu, her research focuses on the development of functionalised 'smart' filters and their use in oil/water separation. Morgan envisions her technology as a greener alternative to current oil/water separation methods helping us achieve a sustainable future. Her work has been presented at numerous conferences winning multiple awards, most notably the 'Best Presentation/Paper' award at the 2018 National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston, MA. Following her dream of being an entrepreneur, she recently teamed up with a group of students at the Queen's Innovation Centre to begin the process of launching a start-up company to take her green filtration technology to market.

Morgan holds various important roles within the University including Queen's Graduate Chemistry Society President, Chemistry Graduate Student Ambassador and Canadian Institute of Canada Local Chapter Student Co-President. In her free time, you can find her walking her dog along the Kingston waterfront, or hosting a dinner party with fresh produce from her vegetable garden.

H2Only: Smart filters for efficient oil/water separation

In a world that relies heavily on the use of crude oil as an energy source, clean oil recovery and spill remediation is of dire importance. Removing oil from surfactant stabilised oil-in-water emulsions has become an issue in numerous industries as current separation processes are tedious and wasteful of resources. Our research group has developed functionalised 'smart' filters that can selectively and efficiently separate the oil from oil-in-water emulsions. These filters are fabricated through a one-step thermally grafted polymer approach with minimal environmental impact. In a real-world scenario, these filters could be used to separate an emulsified organic phase from the aqueous phase when steam is used to extract crude oil from sands or at the surface of an ocean after an oil spill. In this presentation, I will discuss the environmental and operational advantages of this novel filter and its potential to improve the cleanliness of a normally dirty industry.

Megan McGregor

UK

Megan graduated from the University of Cambridge in 2015 with a first-class MSci in Natural Sciences, specialising in Materials Science for her final two years. With pilots in the family, aviation has always been of particular interest to Megan; this interest led her to embark on a PhD funded by EPSRC and Rolls-Royce plc investigating new alloys for commercial gas turbine engines. Her project looks specifically at a novel coating material required to attach abrasives onto the end of rotating turbine blades, in the pursuit of a more efficient shroudless sealing system.

Alongside her research, Megan recently completed an RCUK policy internship at the Government Office for Science, working on the Innovation and Industrial Strategy team as part of the Sustainable Economy Division. She enjoys being involved in her group's outreach activities, and has delivered a number of well-attended talks at the Cambridge Science Festival and at the inaugural Cambridge Soapbox Science event. In her spare time, Megan enjoys reviewing popular science books for Chemistry World, and studying Japanese - she is excited to visit Japan and present her research at the Beyond Nickel-Based Superalloys later this year.

World's hottest superglue: Materials requirements for better sealing in jet engines

Jet engines function using a high-temperature gas stream to do work and generate thrust. In the aviation industry, where fractional increases in efficiency equate to savings of hundreds of thousands of pounds, preventing loss of gas from this stream is crucially important. This requires sealing between the moving turbine blades and the stationary casing of the turbine. Any sealing solution must not only increase sealing efficiency, but must stand up to the ever-increasing temperatures and rotational speeds of turbines, whilst remaining light.

Such niche applications provide opportunities for new intermetallic materials, specially tailored to withstand this challenging environment. This talk will explain current and new sealing systems in the high-pressure turbines of jet engines, and explore the materials requirements for such new systems.

Tiago Dos Santos Junior

Brazil

For Tiago, every human interaction is an opportunity to educate. Education is understood by him as a process of continuous multilateral exchange, and its success is undoubtedly related to good communication. This is an essential skill nowadays as we need more than ever to motivate social engagement in global problems such as the energy crisis. Tiago developed his communication skills from childhood, when he started to study music and play the trumpet in an orchestra of young people. Curiously, he loves music, classical dance and education as much as he loves chemistry. His passion for the latter took him to a Materials Engineering career. He earned his Master in Materials Science and Engineering in the Federal University of São Carlos, and during his undergraduate and graduate studies, he has intern positions in RHI Magnesita Brazil and Imerys Aluminates France as a member of the Federation for International Research and Education in Refractories (FIRE). He is always curious about how materials can be applied in extreme environments and how we can produce them.

Tiago is currently working on his PhD thesis on the development of novel lightweight refractory materials for energy saving at high temperatures. Apart from his technical work, he takes ballet classes every week which is not as painful as it sounds, but still an exciting challenge. Tiago is keen on sharing his knowledge on how thermal insulators can be produced in a greener route and this is the main topic of his presentation.

Greener macroporous ceramics for saving energy in high temperature processes

Energy efficiency (EE) in industries comprises practices to reduce the energetic input needed to carry out a technological task. As the energy crisis and climate changes are on the spot and require immediate action, EE practices can help industries move towards a greener and sustainable scenario. Materials Engineering is a strategic ally, as new products can be designed to better convert, transport or keep energy in the different industrial processes. However, it would be a paradox to the EE philosophy if the design of new materials was not oriented towards greener routes. Therefore, in this presentation, the development of high-performance macroporous refractory ceramics will be presented, which can be applied as advanced thermal insulators at high temperatures such as those faced in various industrial sectors. The developed route allows to produce multiphasic macroporous ceramics with better thermal properties and lower environmental impact, fulfilling a lack of safe and green high-temperature insulating products.

Michael Max Brown

Australia

Michael loves chemistry! Whether he is at home or university, he is always doing this spectacular science. Some of his hobbies include harvesting carbon dioxide and converting it into starch (gardening), or breaking glucose down into alcohol (brewing). He studied chemistry and chemical engineering at Curtin University, Perth and graduated last year with first class honors. He just couldn't get enough of this beautiful science, so he continued his studies doing a PhD at Curtin University. He is now investigating new materials for harvesting microalgae. The only problem with doing all this chemistry is trying to talk about it.

Michael loves his hobbies and research, but while he finds chemistry the most fascinating thing in the world, some people (his girlfriend) have the complete opposite opinion and fall asleep at the thought of it. This has motivated him to improve his communication skills, so instead of boring people to death with ramblings, he can tell them an exciting story and bring to life the wonderful world of chemistry. This is what brought him to the IOM3 YPLC. He considers it the perfect opportunity to improve his communication skills and unravel the power of polymers with the fascinating story of programmable hydrogels.

Programmable hydrogels: Coding materials for medicine

Hydrogels are polymer materials that exhibit the ability to swell and retain a significant fraction of water within their structure without degrading. The material properties can be engineered for biocompatibility, selective permeability, mechanical integrity and chemical stability, providing a unique tool for medical implants and drug delivery. Despite this, the dynamic nature of the human body proves difficult to integrate into, as materials beneficial in one environment can become devastating in another. Programmable hydrogels may overcome this, with the ability to respond to the environment, changing its properties and functions periodically, reversibly and/or sequentially on demand. This is achieved through manipulable polymer crosslinks and/or responsive surface attachments that react specifically to stimuli. Michael's presentation will explore programmable hydrogels and how they open the door for sophisticated drug delivery carriers with the ability to release compounds specifically to stimuli, and advanced tissue engineering materials capable of responding to biological changes.

Chuah Chong Yang

Singapore

Chong Yang received his BSc degree in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore in 2015 with first class honours. He is one of the recipients of the Nanyang President's Graduate Scholarship (NPGS), which is a prestigious and competitive scholarship scheme that encourages final year students to kick-start their research career by pursuing a PhD in NTU. He recently completed his PhD study in the School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering under the supervision of Professor Bae Tae-Hyun. Chong Yang currently works in the Singapore Membrane Technology Centre (SMTC) as research assistant in Professor Wang Rong's research group. His research focus is mainly on the development and synthesis of nanoporous absorbents and polymer-based composite membranes for gas separation process.

Chong Yang's enthusiasm in teaching has been demonstrated through his assignment as teaching assistant throughout his PhD studies. He has been involved in teaching and supervising core courses in chemical engineering (Material and Energy Balance, Chemical Reaction Engineering), by providing supplementary slides, brief overview and tutorial sessions so that students are able to comprehend the contents learned during the lecture.

Potential of mixed-matrix membranes for O₂/N₂ separation process

Traditional fuel combustion which uses air (O₂/N₂) as the oxidant suffers poor energy efficiency due to the presence of N₂. Thus, to increase the O₂ content in the feed, O₂/N₂ separation using membranes has been considered as an attractive alternative compared to conventional cryogenic distillation. Nevertheless, polymeric membranes and nanoporous membranes suffer from permeability/selectivity trade-off limitations as well as from poor scalability respectively. Hence, mixed-matrix membranes were proposed as a technically viable option to enhance both O₂ permeability and O₂/N₂ selectivity of resulting membranes while retaining the advantages of polymeric materials. It is generally challenging to surpass the upper bound limit for O₂/N₂ separation as commercial polymers possess low O₂ permeability. Thus, thermal treatment of polymers at elevated temperatures to form Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes (CMSM) was conducted. Gas permeation properties of CMSM reveal substantial improvements in O₂ permeability without sacrificing O₂/N₂ selectivity with reference to its precursor.

Franklin To

Hong Kong

Franklin is a Chartered Engineer with over 5 years of experience in civil and geotechnical engineering. He is a professional member of the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining (IOM3) and the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE). He received his Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2014. Following his graduation, he joined AECOM as a graduate engineer to undertake the design of civil and geotechnical works. In 2016, he was promoted to Assistant Resident Engineer to carry out site supervision and contract administration works on a large-scale highway tunnel project with contract sum of £900 million. He also completed his part-time Master’s degree in Geotechnical Engineering from the University of Hong Kong in 2018.

Franklin is now a Geotechnical Engineer of the Tunnel & Cavern team at AECOM in Hong Kong. His areas of specialisation are predominantly design, construction, site supervision and project management of tunnels, rock caverns, explosives blasting, slope stabilisation, deep foundations, deep excavations and ground investigation works.

A comparison of empirical and numerical approaches for estimating rock support pressure on tunnel lining

In Hong Kong, the rock support pressure acting on the permanent tunnel lining is usually estimated using the empirical equations by Terzaghi's arching theory (1946) and the Barton's Q-system (1974). However, with the advanced methods, the assumptions made in these studies become too conservative. This presentation investigates the differences in estimated support pressure using empirical approaches and Finite Element Modelling (FEM) to develop a cost-effective solution. The influence of missing parameters in empirical equations and the rock mass behaviour surrounding the tunnel excavation are also studied.

It is found that the in-situ stress ratio k and rock mass quality are very significant to the support pressure. However, the influence from varying Young's Modulus E_i, Poisson's ratio v and Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) are negligible. Also, the empirical approaches are not conservative to design spaced tunnels, unless further verified by FEM.

Suleiman Khusnutdinov

Russia

From his earliest childhood, Suleiman's biggest passion was communicating with people. He enjoys hot discussions in which truth is born, listening and always trying to be heard. His parents raised in him a love of literature, classical, scientific, political, and he read everything that fell into his hands. Two of his favourite things, he grew and fed, and now he is implementing them. Suleiman is a PhD candidate at the Mining University St Petersburg, Russia. He is also writing a second PhD thesis on metallurgy at the Mining University Leoben Austria (Montanuniversität Leoben). He gives lectures and often makes presentations in both his speciality at the university and as a popularizer of science.

After graduating from university with a degree in chemical engineering, Suleiman was engaged as a research assistant in an engineering company in Russia. There he gained profound analysis and problem-solving skills, was responsible for identifying and solving technical problems, and also tuned his communication and consensus skills, as he often had to submit and sell his work to middle and top management. Finally, during his final year of work, he took the lead, guided the daily work of five junior members of the team, and actively participated in the training of new employees. Together and with the diligent work of the team, he solves environmental problems, problems of the formation of high-stable water-hydrocarbon (water-oil) emulsions and the formation of industrial wastes at many enterprises in Russia.

The gold we lost: Man-made waste and highly-stability water-oil emulsions as the raw material of the future

The development of industry takes place in terms of constantly increasing demand for environmental standards of enterprises. The problem of formation highly-stability water-oil emulsions is relevant; their formation and accumulation provide not only an environmental hazard but also cause an economic loss to enterprises. A method based on evaporation of the water phase of these emulsions can be an alternative method of dehydration of waste. But a serious problem arises when the emulsion is heated; accumulation of a critical mass of water on the heating surface, the process of boiling is destabilized, overheating of globules of water leads to the overthrow of the emulsion, which makes the dehydration process impossible. As the primary method, we have proposed the thermomechanical dehydration of liquid oil waste. This method implies that the evaporation of the water phase takes place under mechanical action that prevents the coalescence of water droplets and their accumulation on the heated surface.

Kyle Saltmarsh - Winner

Australia

To Kyle, public speaking is the ability to inform, persuade and entertain, and is one of his favourite life skills. He has given business value presentations in corporate environments, presented technical content from his PhD research and given educational lectures at a university level. Kyle's personal favourite however, has been performing stand up, because at least then he is supposed to be laughed at.

Kyle loves travelling, camping, rock climbing, basketball and he also used to be an amateur magician. He is now a very amateur magician. He completed undergraduate degrees in Mechanical Engineering, Physics and Applied Mathematics, and then worked on a mine site as a mechanical engineer at BHP Billiton before returning to university to complete my PhD in submarine vibration and acoustics for the Australian Defence Force. I am now a Cognitive Computing Consultant at IBM, working with Rio Tinto to incorporate intelligent analytics into the decision-making process for their scheduling operations.

Kyle's goal has, and always will be to work on exciting challenges, learn a lot along the way and to do it passionately and that's how he will tackle the 2018 Young Persons' World Lecture Competition final.

Acoustic based condition monitoring in the resource industry

The acoustics of many types of equipment contain a wealth of information pertaining to its operating condition. Acoustic based condition monitoring is used throughout industry to some degree, however, its full potential has yet to be harnessed. Traditional methods of condition monitoring, utilising performance and operational data, have historically taken precedence. However, the recent technological advancements in both hardware and machine learning allow new powerful and exciting opportunities to utilise acoustics for condition monitoring.

This presentation explains the concepts behind how acoustics are applied to monitor the condition of wheel bearings belonging to the wagons of an ore train. This technique is powerful as it is robust, easy to implement and cost effective.

Lin Guo - 2nd Place

Hong Kong

Lin studied in the Department of Material Science and Engineering at South China University of Technology, China, and obtained her Bachelor's degree in 2014. She joined Professor Min Wang's group in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Hong Kong (HKU) in September 2014 to start her PhD in the field of biomaterials and engineering. At HKU, she has been conducting investigations into multifunctional scaffolds formed by biodegradable biomaterials for both tissue regeneration and early detection, and treatment of recurrent cancers.

She is particularly interested in developing cell-laden scaffolds incorporated with growth factors and gold nanoparticle-based theranostics for postoperative cancer patients. She has made several presentations of her research work at different international conferences.

Combatting cancers with a new superweapon

Stomach cancer causes millions of human deaths and is mostly treated by surgery. After surgery, new tissue must form at resection sites for restoring body functions. Scaffolds, biodegradable porous structures that support cell activities, are often used for regenerating body tissues. Another major issue for postoperative cancer patients is the high cancer recurrence rates. Recently, gold nanoparticle-based theranostics, which can provide highly desired diagnostics and therapeutic functions for cancer, are hotly pursued. With expertise in both tissue engineering and cancer theranostics, we have developed a new superweapon - multifunctional medical devices that integrate nanofibrous scaffolds with nano-sized theranostics for both regeneration and early detection, and effective treatment of recurrent cancer. These advanced devices, which also contain growth factors and live cells for enhancing tissue regeneration, are made using novel fabrication techniques. Therefore, no more fears, cancer patients - we are here with you to combat cancer with a new superweapon!

Andrew Ng Kay Lup - 3rd Place

Malaysia

Andrew graduated summa cum laude in Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Chemical Engineering with first class distinction from Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia in 2016. In the same year, he was offered by Malaysian government to be one of the MyBrain15 KPT scholars under the nationally coveted scholarship programme to pursue an engineering doctorate study in University of Malaya, Malaysia. His research interests include theoretical catalysis, rovibronic spectroscopy, catalytic reaction engineering and quantum thermodynamics with application foci of fuel upgradation and biomass processing. His two-year stint in doctorate research on hydrodeoxygenation of phenolics for fuel upgradation has resulted in an output of 9 written scientific papers and one potential patent.

Andrew has presented his work at the 3^rd ICChESA 2017 and received the Best Oral Presenter Award in the field of chemical reaction engineering, polymer and composite materials. He is also a silver medallist of the National Nanotechnology Olympiad. Currently, he is representing his institution for the 3-minute Thesis and Falling Walls Lab competitions at national level. Away from the lab, he reads books on Hebrew, Greek, astrophysics, philosophy and theology. He enjoys watching online lectures and TED talks from various universities while occasionally giving lectures to undergraduates when necessary. In addition, he enjoys playing four musical instruments, of which the violin is his favourite. Andrew is also passionate in inspiring youths through his education talks and medical charities during his mission trips with his team.

Bio-crude oil from lignocellulosic biomass: A zero-to-hero energy scenario

The bio-crude oil produced via catalytic thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is a potential renewable energy source in the wake of the forthcoming decline in fossil fuel supply and the ever increasing oil demand. This process is valuable as it converts such biomass waste into high-value fuel and valorized chemicals. The feedstock of this process such as agriculture residues, wood residues and municipal solid wastes are abundant in nature and can be collected without disrupting food production. Lignocellulosic biomass is made up of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose which are the source of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. High carbon content is important for high heating value of oil, but high oxygen content in biomass would also cause bio-crude oil to be corrosive and chemically unstable. Therefore, metal-zeolite catalyzed thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is required to form bio-crude oil that contains simpler hydrocarbons in higher proportion.

Sam Lawton

UK

Sam graduated from the University of Warwick with an MChem in 2014. His masters project, in the Warwick Electrochemistry and Interfaces Group (WEIG), focused on the large scale synthesis and patterning of graphene nano-ribbons. With a taste for organic based electronics Sam was inspired to work in the field of renewable energy resources, specifically organic solar cells.

Sam started his PhD under the supervision of Professor David Haddleton in July 2014. His PhD is sponsored by the advanced materials sector of Merck ltd and focusses on investigating the intricate connection between backbone structure and optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers for application in organic photovoltaics. Sam's research and eagerness to learn has taken him to the USA to work with Professor Wei You at the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) and to present his work at a number of international conferences, most recently the American Chemical Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco, April 2017.

Outside of his project, Sam has worked with external companies through the Warwick Polymer Characterisation RTP on a number of materials characterisation and analysis projects. He has also taken on roles outside of the lab organising and hosting the social events for Warwick 2016 Polymer conference (500+ attendees). In his free time, Sam likes to engage in sports such as squash, football and running, although when it comes to the rugby, he's more at home sitting back and watching the professionals do it.

Polymer power: From light to current

With the world's energy demand predicted to increase by 48% between 2012 and 2020, relying on the limited supply of traditional fuels is no longer a viable option. Further to their growing scarcity, traditional fuel supplies release large amounts of waste and are a major contributor to annual greenhouse gas emissions. Inspired by the growing demand for economically viable and renewable energy sources, Organic Photovoltaics (OPV's) are attracting significant attention. With efficiencies exceeding 12%, these devices are nearing commercialisation.

In this talk I introduce some of the semiconducting plastics used in organic photovoltaics and we explore how molecular sequence in polymers can influence their properties and the future of this market. I look at what influences the world of science and technology and demonstrate how the world around us can be an infinite source of inspiration in world leading research.

Alexandra Kuznetsova

Russia

Aleksandra graduated from St Petersburg Mining University, Russia, in 2014 and started her postgraduate studies in oil engineering in the same university. The purpose of her research is increasing oil productivity from low-permeable reservoirs with surfactant solutions. Aleksandra has developed and patented her own surfactant which is successfully applied in the oil industry.

Aleksandra has also been awarded scholarships from BP Company, government and the President of Russia for her research. She has taken part in traineeships in the Marubeni Corporation, Tokyo, Japan and has also participated in international conferences (TU Bergakademie Freiberg, MINES ParisTech, AGH, Krakow and others).

Extracting oil from impossible-to-extract rock

The investigation of surfactant treatment efficiency and its integrated effect on oil and reservoir rock is conducted, as well as its applicability analysis for low permeable polymictic reservoir. Based on the results of cation-active and monionic surfactants research, as well as observation of their properties combination, the new surfactant solution was developed. This composition declared itself as a substance that is able not only to wash residual oil out of the rock surface, but also efficiently inhibit clay swelling process.

Subject to the results of hydrodynamic and physical modelling of the oil displacement process, the new technology for effective application of the developed composition of surfactants was created. Developed technology of the flooding process of low permeable clay reservoirs using the created and patented surfactant composition can increase the oil recovery factor more than 4.3%.

Matheus Santos

Brazil

Matheus earned his Master's degree in Materials Engineering in Technology Development from the Federal University of Sao Carlos (GEMM/UFSCar) in 2018. His passion for materials science relates to the role of steel and refractories in the social and economic development of our society. This led to an undergraduate exchange programme in POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology) in South Korea, home to one of the most renowned steel research centres in the world, where he explored ideas and examples of success. He believes that many improvements in our industry and society require entrepreneurial and innovative ideas and this motivates his work.

Matheus has visited several steelmaking sites and worked in two steel companies (POSCO and HYundai Steel), with complementary experience in the refractory sector (an internship at Magnesita and a graduate sponsorship by Saint-Gobain). Beyond academic and professional activities, Matheus is creative, has strong leadership and good communication skills, and has always been involved in the organisation of group events and activities. Besides engineering, he enjoys travelling, music and eating good food.

Insights on the optimisation of the steel ladle process from a refractory perspective

The modernisation of metallurgical processes like steelmaking is intrinsically related to improving vessel linings and process control. Refractories are the material commonly applied to the lining because they can withstand the aggressive environment of steelmaking. Monitoring and controlling have recently shown their importance to general steelmakers, but there is still much to be explored.

In this context, understanding and predicting the thermal and energy condition of the metallurgical process is a first step in modelling and designing tools to help identify the best lining for production solutions. Indeed, optimised steel ladle linings can significantly impact operational conditions, safety, energy consumption, productivity and costs of the process. The study aims to highlight scenarios in which the refractory lining advances the steel ladle operation, according to numerical simulation results for different lining materials and thicknesses.

Fariraishe Nyoni

South Africa

Fariraishe is an undergraduate mining engineering student at the University of Zimbabwe. He started his undergraduate studies in 2013 and is set to graduate in September 2018 with a Bachelor of Science Honours in Mining Engineering. In his third year, Fariraishe worked at Anglo American Underground Platinum, where he started his current project which aims to increase the blast advance in underground platinum mines. The project received interest from the mine which went on to allow Fariraishe to carry out numerous trials throughout the mine.

Fariraishe has also participated in Engineering Paperette Poster Presentations where he presented the same project. He enjoys solving engineering problems and has a passion for blasting and explosives science.

Burn cut optimisation to increase blast advance at Unki mine

In underground blasting, the pull of the initial cut is the limiting factor for the success of the rest of the round. Unki mine had been failing to obtain target underground blast advance of 3m using a 9hole cylindrical burn cut for its blast, creating a lot of problems in costs and safety. This project was aimed at optimising the 9hole cylindrical burn cut's effective pull by increasing the depths of the relief holes in the cut. By improving the pull of the first cut, a critical step is made towards improving the entire round and solving the problem of advance. In testing, relief holes were drilled to depths longer than that of the cut's charged holes by an increasing depth of 100mm through each trial. The overall objective was to achieve a blast advance of 3 metres or better, using an economic method and the existing drilling equipment at Unki.

Increased pull would result in savings of both time and cost at Unki mine and would also allow the mine to achieve target blasted production ore values. The testing was done in the Chazezesa 9South underground section at Unki mine. Full blast rounds utilising the 9hole cylindrical burn were drilled and blasted. After completing al testing and analysing results, this data suggested that an average advance of 3.08 metres was being obtained through the application of relied holes increased in depth by 300mm. The trials consistently showed an average advance increase of 0.28m. This provided a solution to the problem of failure to meet target advance at Unki mine. The charge was also analysed to only increase the drilling costs by 5% which is within an acceptable range, considering the ore gained from the improvement in blast advance and the costs of re-drilling, charging and blasting the bootleg left by failure to meet target advance.

Naveen Tiwari

Singapore

Naveen received his Master of Technology in Materials Science and Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, in 2015. His masters project focused on the crosslinking of biodegradable polymers. He developed a novel method to increase the interfacial interaction between poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose. He developed azide-alkynyl cycloaddition reaction to covalently link PVA and cellulose. With a taste of polymers and chemistry in the background has inspired to work in the field of healable flexible materials for next generation electronic devices like E-skin.

Naveen started his PhD under the supervision of Professor Nripan Mathews in August 2015. His PhD focusses on investigating the self-healing flexible and transparent materials for electronic devices. Self-healing systems empower the field of electronics which has taken it into a new generation electronics in the application of wearable electronics. He was also the recipient of the Nanyang Technological University Research Scholarship (ongoing) and qualified GATE examination and in 2013 he was awarded the MHRD Scholarship, Govt. of India during his Master of Technology.

Apart from improving his skill in academia, Naveen has tried to hone his interpersonal and leadership skills. At present, he holds the portfolio of the Residential Mentor (RM) of Hall 3, NTU, Singapore. He also held the position of Treasurer during the 2016-17 academic year, and Sports Secretary during 2017-18, at the Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Students' Club, NTU Singapore. Apart from playing a vital role on organising committees for various successful academic events hosted by MSE-NTU and interacting with eminent researchers, Naveen has also contributed to student welfare through fundraising, mentoring and clean campus initiatives. Apart from travelling and listening to musing, Naveen is very fond of cricket and badminton.

Self-healable and flexible materials for next generation electronic devices: Smart materials

Self-healing, flexible, transparent electrodes could transform the way of fabrication of electronic devices in future. Challenges associated with mechanical fracture of electrical conductors has hindered the realisation of truly flexible, robust and high performance wearable electronics. The remarkable achievements in transparent and flexible electrodes have raised widespread interest in research groups in flexible electronics, owing to their low cost fabrication, easy scale up and unique properties.

However, they still suffer from innate problems like mechanical rupture, scratching and bending torsion because of their 'soft' and flexible nature related to their solid counterparts. Hence, self-healing capability would be highly desirable for these electrodes in flexible electronic devices. Self-healing systems empower the field of electronics which has taken it into a new generation of electronics in the application of wearable electronics. The ongoing state of the art is where research has demonstrated self-healing polymeric layers with conducting materials as top electrodes to form self-healing conducting systems.

Vidya Chamundeswari Narasimhan - Winner

Singapore

Vidya received her Integrated Master of Technology majoring in Medical Nanotechnology with a first class distinction from SASTRA University India in 2013. She expects to receive a Doctorate by research from the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang University (MSE-NTU) by February 2018. Though her career path is yet to be defined, she is passionate about helping people and is likely to make her mark in the field of healthcare. She was one of the top ten students from India to receive an internship opportunity at MIT-Harvard Health Sciences and Technology, Boston during her Master's degree.

Vidya pursued her research interests at Bio Acoustics MEMS in Medicine Laboratory (BAMM Labs), Cambridge MA for a period of six months on developing aqueous interfaces for cell culture. She was also the recipient of the Indian Academy of Sciences Fellowship during her bachelor's degree. Her research interests constitute a broad spectrum ranging from carbon nanomaterials to strategies for bone tissue regeneration. Over and above her academic activities, Vidya has developed excellent interpersonal and leadership skills. She held the portfolio of the President of the Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Students' Club during the academic year 2015-16. Apart from playing a vital role as organising committee for various successful academic events hosted by MSE-NTU and interacting with eminent researchers, she has contributed to student welfare through fundraising, mentoring and clean campus initiatives. In addition to her long term goal to contribute significantly towards mimicking the principles of biological systems, Vidya is fond of travelling and classical music.

Biodegradable scaffold systems for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration with sustained release of multiple bio-molecules

Tissue Engineering (TE) is envisaged to play a vital role in improving the quality of life by restoring, maintaining or enhancing tissue and organ functions. TE scaffolds that are two dimensional (2D) in structure suffer from undesirable issues, such as pore blockage, and do not close mimic the native extra-cellular matrix (ECM) in tissues. Significant efforts have therefore been channelled to fabricate structurally diverse scaffolds using various techniques, especially electrospinning.

In this study, we have fabricated dual and 3D scaffold systems utilising an electrospinning process to arrive at scaffolds with controlled drug release and interconnected pores respectively to tailor to the needs of bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. Using a blend of biodegradable polymers, these mechanically stable scaffold systems enabled cell penetration beyond 500μm. Biomolecules such as Dexamethasone, Ascorbic acid, Proline and Glycerophosphate were loaded individually or simultaneously into the scaffold systems and their efficacy in promoting the upregulation of osteogenic genes with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) was evaluated. The as-produced scaffolds can be explored for use in tissue engineering and beyond.

Ilija Rašović - 2nd Place

UK

Ilija graduated from Corpus Christi College, Oxford in 2014 with an MEng in Materials Science, before embarking upon a DPhil in Professor Kyriakos Porfyrakis' Carbon Nanomaterials Laboratory in the same department. His multidisciplinary research has two foci: synthesising water-soluble fullerene derivatives for a slew of medical applications, and also incorporating fullerenes into functional molecular machines. Combining the two, he hopes to pave a way to creating nanomedicines of the future.

Ilija has presented his EPSRC-funded work at the international NanoteC conference, and won the IOM3 Literature Review Prize in 2016 with his review on water-soluble fullerenes for medical applications. His knowledge of fullerene chemistry has also allowed him to publish in the field of organic electronics. Before being taken by fullerenes, he spent some time running virtual crash tests at Jaguar Land Rover, assessing failure modes of critical components.

Away from the lab, Ilija is an active STEM ambassador, regularly giving outreach talks to encourage students to apply for study at Oxford, and to sow interest in Materials Science. He tutors 1st and 2nd year Materials Science undergraduates in all their polymers courses, and also marks the Physics Aptitude Tests for prospective applicants. In his spare time, Ilija loses himself either playing music or running around on a football pitch.

Making the world's most expensive material

Diamond, tritium, time... All often said to be the most valuable things in this world. In Oxford, we have created and sold the world's most expensive material. Designer Carbon Materials produces [email protected]₆₀, a type of endohedral fullerene, which is a football-shaped carbon cage encapsulating a nitrogen atom. I will introduce what the fullerenes are and how we make this unique family of materials, before specifically discussing the synthesis of the beautiful [email protected]₆₀ molecule and its lengthy purification procedure.

The unprecedented ability to isolate atomic nitrogen at room temperature in this way holds great promise for technological applications of the future, particularly in quantum computing and the production of miniature atomic clocks. If we can overcome the major hurdle of lowering the price of this remarkable material, then its widespread use in these applications will herald the onset of a technological revolution.

Zheng Yu Ng - 3rd Place

Malaysia

Ng Zheng Yu is currently a final year mechanical engineering undergraduate student at the University of Nottingham Malaysia campus. He is actively involved in various events and competitions organised by the university. His recent achievement was winning the Institute of Engineers Malaysia (IEM) METD design award as the champion and best presentation. He is under Malaysian Government scholarship and shows academic excellence throughout his studies at the university. He has been in the Dean's List since year one. Mr Ng always strives for excellence and has great plans to contribute to the technological development and advancement that benefit the society. His current final year project involves the preparation of graphene-based nanocomposite for dye removal from polluted water based on an adsorption theory.

Graphene-based magnetic hybrids for dye removal

Graphene, the 21st century wonder material, has been further modified to extend its function by combining magnetic particles (iron, nickel and zinc), forming graphene-based magnetic hybrids which are able to solve one of the world's biggest crises (Dyed Water Pollution). This hybrid can be re-collected easily by just performing a simple external magnetic separation to isolate out the solids from the treated solution, which become the best dye removal material. Malachite Green and Crystal Violet were chosen as the experimental dyes owing to their wide applications in modern industries currently, and also to make the results more closely related to real-world scenarios. Through experimentation, the optimum operating conditions were determined and proved to remove up to 95% of dyes in polluted water. Moreover, the retrieved hybrids can be re-used up to 4 times without affecting their initial dye adsorption ability after re-processing with ethanol, further minimising the negative environmental impact.

Prabhu Elango

Australia

Prabhu obtained his Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering at the National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India before graduating from Curtin University with an MEngSci in Petroleum Engineering in 2016. Currently, his research comprises of all things relating to shale rock, with an emphasis on shale hydration and inhibition. His final goal at the end of his PhD is to have produced a commercially viable shale inhibitor that is potent enough to effectively inhibit various types of shale rock and yet be environmentally friendly.

Presently, Prabhu is also a research engineer at Deep Exploration Technologies (DET) CRC where his work complements the CRC's objective of developing a Coiled Tubing Drilling Rig (CT Rig) at a cost of $50/metre to a depth of 500 meters and weighing less than 10 tons with ancillary safety/environmental benefits.

Outside of his academic activities, Prabhu is actively involved in volunteering and community outreach. Most recently, he took in a leadership programme where he and a team of six assisted in fundraising over $20,000 at an Auction Ball benefiting those affected by melanoma, a form of skin cancer. He feels that this has been his greatest accomplishment so far - the thought that he has made a positive and lasting difference in someone's life.

The impact of drilling fluid composition on the integrity of cuttings

The accumulation of fine solid particles (cuttings) that are created by the crushing and chipping of the drilling bit is an increasing problem for operators, especially so for offshore rigs where space is becoming very valuable. Emphasis on the cleanliness of drilling fluids, to prevent formation damage, has increased the importance of monitoring solids in the fluids.

This presentation summarizes a newly developed laboratory testing method and the subsequent results that were produced for characterising cuttings integrity using the chemical composition of the drilling fluid. Over two dozen tests were run with a laser particle counter track changing particle count and then a particle size analyser was used to generate particle size distributions. Test results showed that using the combination of aforementioned particle size analysers proves to be very powerful at precisely quantifying the effectiveness of the additive at inhibiting the sample.

João Guilherme Prado

Brazil

João is an undergraduate mechanical engineering student at the State University of Campinas. In 2014, he met and joined FSAE Unicamp Team, an interdisciplinary group of students who design, build and compete with formula style racing cars in events promoted by the Society of Automotive Engineering. By the end of the same year he founded the Aerodynamics Division and presented the team's first aero package in the 35th Michigan FSAE Competition a year later, in 2015.

Together with the vehicle dynamic's director by that time, André Sbrocco, João developed a study about the technical viability of changing the bellcrank's material from aluminum to a more environmental friendly one, motivated by the belief that this role as an engineer is to somehow return to society the knowledge that a public institution has provided to him. And this principle was the core of the lecture that he presented at the YPLC Brazil final in 2017.

After spending one semester taking business units at the University of Bath (UK), João has returned to Brazil to finish his undergraduate studies. He is also working on a job rotation internship for Dover Corporation, and every gap he finds in his routine is spent with his friends and family.

High Strength Steel (HSLA) in high-performance vehicle suspension bellcrank: Beyond the usual engineering perspective

Typical engineering analyses for material selection rely on two aspects; performance and cost. However, the engineer's role should go further than that. We must use our knowledge and consciousness to minimise environmental damage and protect our society. The development of a suspension bellcrank started with a study to determine material indexes to assess each of the design requirements; minimize mass, cost and environmental impacts. Data acquired on track provided realistic inputs to refine the initial figures through a Finite Element (FEM) Analysis. That step resulted in two final materials; High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel and Aeronautical Aluminum.

Typical analyses would have ended here; an aluminum part weighting 28% less than a HSLA one would have made up for its 21% higher cost. However, aluminum's embodied energy is six times higher than HSLA. This led to a deeper evaluation of aluminum's production process considering socio-environmental factors, which turned the tables and resulted in the selection of HSLA to manufacture the bellcrank.

Arthur Ng

Hong Kong

Arthur obtained his Bachelors degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Hong Kong in 2013. Since then he has been working in AECOM, an international consultant company.

During his first 18 months in the company, he gained project management and design experience working in the West Kowloon Terminus, Express Rail Line Project after which he took on the role of Assistant Resident Engineer in the Central-Wanchai Bypass (CWB) Project. This project aims at providing a strategic route required to relieve the traffic congestion along the northern shore of the Hong Kong Island. His work focused on the construction of a Mined Tunnel which is a large span trinocular drill and break tunnel underneath the over-40-year Cross Harbour Tunnel, which is one of the most challenging and critical tunnel sections in the whole project.

Sequential excavation of large span trinocular section of mined tunnel underneath cross arbour tunnel in Hong Kong

A mined rock tunnel is part of the mega infrastructure Central-Wanchai Bypass (CWB) project, involving 3.7km long dual three-lane road tunnel running along the northern shore of Hong Kong island, passes at an oblique angle beneath the existing Cross Harbour Tunnel (CHT) with just 20m separation. Referring to the strong and massive rock with overall GSI of 70, blasting is suggested to be the most suitable excavation method, however, this was prohibited owing to the close proximity to the heavy traffic load CHT. A sequential drill-and-break excavation method with the application of NGI Q-system allowing observational approach and optimisation of temporary tunnel support was then applied to construct the 50m span trinocular tunnel with sectional area of about 460m² associated with a comprehensive instrumentation monitoring and protection of CHT.

Ekaterina Grishchenkova

Russia

Ekaterina obtained her Bachelor's degree in GIS and Master's degree in Engineering Geodesy at the Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine. After that she started her postgraduate studies in Geodesy at the St Petersburg Mining University, Russia. The purpose of her research is to increase productivity and quality of Earth surface monitoring operations by developing a special system that is based on dynamic digital terrain models. At the moment, one of the technologies (including related special software) developed by Ekaterina is successfully applied in production. She has also been awarded with prize places for her research on international conferences in Saint-Petersburg, Russia and Minsk, Belarus.

Ekaterina has taken up several traineeships on the basis of European universities and has also taken part in conferences abroad (TU Bergakademie Freiberg, MINES ParisTech, University of Silesia, Belarusian National Technical University and others).

In her spare time, Ekaterina plays the piano and ukulele, visits art exhibitions and goes to the theatre.

Earth surface monitoring: New look at modern equipment

One of the main aspects of mining industry development is the use of modern technologies in the production process. It is topical for coal-mining regions to implement Earth surface monitoring to control deformations caused by undermining. Moreover, it is very important to get right values of deformations to prevent damage and destruction of undermined objects. Traditional technology of Earth surface monitoring is highly precise, but it is also labour intensive. With the advent of modern geodetic equipment such as total stations, laser scanners and satellite receivers, it has become very common to use it in the process.

However, this equipment does not guarantee the high accuracy of the results. The main objective of this study is to estimate the accuracy and create a technique on a fundamentally renewed instrumental base within the regulatory requirements.

Matthew Mayne

South Africa

Matthew obtained his MSc in Geology at Stellenbosch University, South Africa in 2015 after which he began a joint PhD programme between Stellenbosch University and Université Jean Monnet, France. Currently his research is focused on the development and use of a new software tool that aids in the modelling of mineral stabilities inside rocks.

His work aims to improve the techniques with which geologists study natural systems and thereby further our understanding of how earth processes formed, and currently maintain, our world. He is funded by the South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) and the French Embassy of South Africa. In his spare time, Matthew enjoys hiking and rocking out on his drumkit.

How do rocks melt? A question requiring both chemistry and thermodynamics

Thermodynamic laws provide us with the inner workings of materials and minerals. Fundamental to these laws is the axiom that given a certain minimum number of known variables we can calculate all other dependent properties of a thermo-chemical system. Continued improvement of activity-composition models are constantly increasing the accuracy with which thermodynamic models can investigate mineral reactions. Among the many applications of this data are the geologists' use of the interdependence of pressure, temperature and chemical composition of minerals to unravel the history of a rock's formation. Following recent advances in this form of 'phase equilibria modelling', we present a new software tool that enables independent investigation of compositional change in a thermodynamically constrained environment. This tool uses iterative calculations to create a 'path dependence' whereby modellers can investigate the progressive processes that are integral to mineral and rock evolution.

Li (Alan) Zhong - Winner

Singapore

Alan obtained his Bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering & Automation from the South China University of Technology, China. He has been pursuing his PhD at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore since August 2012.

His PhD study is focused on the high-energy processing, specifically spark plasma sintering and plasma spraying, of bioceramics and Bioglass for hard tissue repair and regeneration. He is also a materials engineer in the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI) - NTU joint R&D project on the fabrication of artificial corneal skirts. This project aims at replacing the tooth skirt used in the 'tooth-in-eye' surgery with the bioceramic titania, which has great potential for simplifying the procedure and reducing patients' suffering. This perfectly exemplifies the innovative application of a mature materials technology in solving complicated medical problems.

Artificial Corneal Implants: A Brighter Future with Advanced Bioceramics

According to the World Health Organisation, corneal blindness is the fourth leading cause of blindness globally (5.1%), and is one of the major causes of visual deficiency. Traditionally, tooth-in-eye implants have been utilised to treat patients with hostile ocular environments. However, the use of a tooth lamina as the skirt requires a complex two-stage procedure and makes the surgery extremely invasive.

This presentation describes the enormous potential of bioceramics in the fabrication of artificial corneal skirts. Two different bioceramics, hydroxyapatite (HA) and titania (TiO₂) were consolidated by spark plasma sintering, and the pellets were characterised in terms of corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. It was found that TiO₂ showed superior corrosion resistance and possessed comparable biocompatibility to that of HA, which has long been regarded as a biocompatibility gold standard.

It is thus believed that using TiO₂-based bioceramics to manufacture artificial corneal implants will bring a brighter future for patients with corneal blindness worldwide.

Jean Potgieter - 2nd Place

South Africa

Jean holds Bachelors and Honours degrees in Civil Engineering from the University of Pretoria, South Africa. After graduating in 2012, he worked in the consulting engineering industry for three years on various projects including tailings dams, foundation design, retaining walls and site investigations.

In 2016, Jean returned to the University of Pretoria and is currently completing his Masters degree in geotechnical engineering. The project is funded by Terra Strata and investigates the fundamental differences and disparity between designing retaining walls with simplistic and complex design methods.

Jean currently resides in Pretoria. He enjoys public speaking, playing sports and is currently involved with triathlon.

Effects of Compaction on Lateral Earth Pressure

Many engineering concepts are based on idealistic models in order to simplify calculations. Engineers need to take cognisance of the method of application out in the field and the associated assumptions. The effects of compaction in soils are no exception. When soil is placed behind a retaining wall, the soil exerts a force on the wall. Classic earth pressure theory is not sufficient in designing retaining walls under compaction-induced pressures.

Compaction, whether intended by the designer or not, will have a significant effect on the pressure imposed on a soil retaining wall. The lecture will briefly show the limitations and assumptions associated with classic and compaction earth pressure theory. A prototype retaining wall was constructed in which earth pressure before and after compaction was measured. It is concluded that compaction significantly affects the earth pressure and that engineers need to be careful of inherent design assumptions made in analytical models.

Isabella Vasconcelos Joviano dos Santos - 3rd Place

Brazil

Isabella started her studies in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering in 2012 at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. In her first year, she began working in the Composites and Polymers Laboratory where she developed block copolymer (BC) based nanocomposites. For two years, she worked with BC self-assembly, characterising the thermomechanical properties of self-assembled aluminosilicate nanocomposites and studying the different morphologies achieved by BC systems.

In 2014, Isabella participated in a one-year exchange programme at Colorado School of Mines. During that year she also worked at Cornell University with the Wiesner Group, which is focused on structure-directing inorganic materials using BC self-assembly for several applications. She won honourable mention at UFMG Science Week and earned second place at the 2016 AISTech Student Contest Competition.

Isabella is currently an intern at Vallourec, Brazil. Upon completing her engineering degree, she plans to apply for a postgraduate position in Materials Science.

Block Copolymers Self-assembly: Structurally Controlled Materials Directing Future Energy Applications

The scientific community continuously seeks to develop sustainable energy sources to avoid the environmentally harmful effects of fossil fuels. Block copolymers (BCs) show promising applications in energy materials, where high surface area combined with controllable mesoscale pore size distributions are desirable. Owing to their unique self-assembly properties, BCs were successfully used to control feature size, morphology and porosity of various functional inorganic materials on the mesoscale.

In contrast to usual top-down techniques, bottom-up self-assembly is an efficient and low cost alternative to build 3D periodically organised structures. Functionality and performance control, essential for building energy conversion and storage devices, are achieved via innovative combined assembly utilising hard and soft chemistry techniques. Although a few challenges regarding mesoporous materials remain, BC self-assembly-directed mesostructures provide a fertile area for energy materials applications.

This presentation will explain and discuss the highlights of BC self-assembly in the development of structurally controlled materials.

Colleen Mann

UK

After graduating from Queen's University, Belfast, in 2013 with an MSc in Chemistry, Colleen embarked upon a PhD working within the Immobilisation Science Laboratory at the University of Sheffield. The focus of her work is to determine the durability of glass in conditions that simulate that of a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF). An understanding of the reaction mechanisms and dissolution chemistry involved can help predict how the glass wasteform will behave in a GDF, which is key for safe geological disposal of nuclear waste.

Colleen's work, part of which has been field work in association with the British Geological Survey, has been presented at IGDTP, Thermal Treatment of Rad Waste and GeoRepNet conferences. Additionally, after being awarded funding by the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Sheffield Metallurgical and Engineering Association, she was able to travel to speak at the prestigious Goldschmidt conference in Prague.

When she's not busy in the lab, Colleen relishes her role as a STEM ambassador in which capacity she has worked with schools during National Science Week and with the Museum of Science and Industry, where she engaged with the public about nuclear power and waste disposal. She is also involved in the Global Engineering Challenge at the University of Sheffield, facilitating 1st year undergraduates in tackling real-world problems from a global perspective.

In the Bin for 100,000 Years: An Intergenerational Burden

The UK Government have stated their preference for the final disposal of nuclear waste within a GDF, at a depth of between 200m and 1km. The GDF will incorporate Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) that will be optimised to physically and chemically retard the transport of radionuclides to the biosphere. Groundwater will interact with the cementitious EBS which will produce alkaline conditions within the GDF; it is not well understood how such solutions will affect the durability of vitrified nuclear waste.

The results of an experimental study using simulant glass wasteforms exposed to cementitious leachate will be discussed. Additionally, Colleen will describe a natural analogue study in which 60-year old glass bottles, discarded in high pH leachate pools (pH~12.5) at a lime-waste site in the UK, are being investigated to understand the nature of alteration layers and the evolution of ground water at the site.

Harry Sze

Hong Kong

Harry obtained his Bachelors degree in Building Engineering (Structural and Geotechnical Engineering) from the City University of Hong Kong in 2013, prior to joining the Geotechnics team of Ove Arup & Partners Hong Kong Ltd as a graduate engineer. He has been involved in ground investigation planning, design of excavation and lateral support systems, site formation and foundation works and feasibility studies of enhanced use of underground space in Hong Kong.

He currently works as an Assistant Resident Engineer, supervising deep shaft excavation and reclamation at Hong Kong Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

Micro-mechanic Behaviour of Sand Particles

Discrete Element Method (DEM) has recently been studied and developed to analyse granular soil behaviour on the microscale level. However, there are limited laboratory test results on both the micro- and macromechanical behaviour of sand particles. Hence a laboratory based study has been carried out.

This presentation will show the results of a study where load-deflection response and tensile strength of soil particles were examined separately. Single-particle crushing tests and multi-particle crushing tests were carried out. Two different sizes (1 and 2mm) of Leighton Buzzard sand were tested in this study. The analysis was based on the calculation of the probability of surviving grain splitting, according to the Weibull theory. The results from the multi-particle crushing tests showed that the strength of some particles did not decrease as the contact numbers between the particles increased. In the load-deflection analysis, plastic response occurred during the first unloading.

Hoy (Vincent) Chun Wai

Malaysia

Hoy Chun Wai is an undergraduate student from the School of Engineering at Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation (APU), Malaysia. He is currently pursuing his third year Bachelors degree in Mechatronics Engineering. His interest in science began when he built his first solenoid magnet. He also has a deep interest in communication and leadership. Hence he has been actively involved in organisations such as Toastmasters International. Through his experience gained from Toastmasters, he hopes to bridge the knowledge gap between the scientific community and the public in general, regarding the advances of materials science.

Nanocellulose: Nature's Answer to Energy Poverty

One of the biggest social challenges of our generation is the problem of energy poverty. It refers to the poor access to energy, such as electricity, by certain groups of people. One major factor is the cost of infrastructure development in remote areas. A potential solution is to use technology such as solar panels to provide energy directly to people, but there needs to be a reliable energy storage facility. Current battery technology is unable to provide the cost efficiency for this to take flight. A potential solution is to use Carbon Nanotubes to make batteries but these have a poor rate of ionic exchange in aqueous electrolytes due to their hydrophobic nature.

This study presents the potential of Nanocellulose as a game changer in battery technology when combined with Carbon Nanotubes. Carbon Nanotubes are coated with Nanocellulose to create a conducting film capable of storing large sums of charge and enabling efficient ion exchange in aqueous electrolyte. This is made possible by the presence of nanopores and the hydrophilic nature of nanocellulose. The charge capacity and charge retention of the material is tested and compared with other battery materials currently available. The projected results have shown that Nanocellulose-Carbon Nanotube film outperforms most of the current forms of batteries, especially its charge cycle retention after 100 cycles. This means that the battery can be recharged more often before experiencing significant capacity loss and the need to be replaced. The increase in performance will significantly reduce the cost of storing energy, as batteries need not be replaced as often.

This will be a major step forward to the creation of communities living off the grid and an end to the problem of energy poverty.

Daniel Sally

Australia

Daniel is an exploration geologist by training and profession. He decided to study geology because it is a challenging and engaging discipline that has allowed him to engage with and cultivate his main passions in life: people, travel, science and the natural world.

Daniel graduated from the University of Western Australia in 2011 with a Bachelor of Science (Hons). Since then he has worked as an exploration geologist on a range of projects in Australia and Africa looking for zinc, copper and gold deposits.

Mt Percy Gold Deposit: The Role and Significance of Porphyry Intrusions in The Gold Mineralisation Process

Archean orogenic deposits commonly show a spatial association with porphyry intrusions; however, the role of these intrusions in the genesis of orogenic gold deposits is poorly constrained. Understanding this relationship could improve target generation and assessments of regional prospectivity.

The Mt Percy gold deposit (>10y Au) is at the northern end of the Kalgoorlie gold camp, which hosts the world-class Golden Mile deposit (>2,000t Au). At Mt Percy there is a clear temporal and spatial relationship between specific types of porphyry intrusions and different stages of gold mineralisation, although volumetrically the intrusions are not big enough to have been the only source of gold.

The temporal and spatial overlap of intrusive phases and gold mineralisation at Mt Percy demonstrates the possibility of there being a genetic link between the two. This link could have implications for exploration, whereby specific types of porphyries could be used as indicators of gold prospectivity.

Hannah Little

Ireland

Hannah has a first class honours Master's degree in Product Design Engineering from Queen's University, Belfast. She is currently completing her PhD in Mechanical Engineering, working on the innovative design and manufacture of medical devices, to improve quality of life for patients with bone defects. A member of the Bioengineering Research Group, she is focused on the creation of bioresorbable bone tissue scaffolds. Hannah is striving to create new medical grade compositions for 3D-printing, whilst exploring material processing, structure and performance relationships.

Hannah has worked on a wide range of design projects and was awarded the opportunity to study at Chalmers University in Sweden in her Master's year where studies focused on environmentally adapted product design. Hannah received the NACCO prize for marketing in stage four of Mechanical Engineering and a Degree Plus certificate for development beyond academic study. She has won best overall research poster presentation across all university faculties, and has been awarded funding to facilitate presentation of her work on biomaterials, both nationally and internationally, at the World Biomaterials Congress. Outside of research, Hannah is an enthusiastic STEM ambassador and senior judge for Sentinus Young Innovators and most recently she was honoured to be nominated by Queen's for the WISE (Women in Science and Engineering) 2016 Rising Star Award.

Bone Scaffolds for the Regeneration of Critical Sized Defects: A 3D-Printing Approach Using Tailored Materials

The requirement for restoring the function of lost bone is a major clinical and socio-economic need. Critical size defects require the insertion of a material to provide mechanical stability and promote hard tissue regeneration.

3D-printing has demonstrated many advantages in several industries but is yet to be fully exploited in healthcare. This talk presents optimization of 3D-printing as an improved method of addressing defects. Challenges such as limited compatible biomaterials and processing sensitivity of these degradable systems have been addressed. Materials have been tailored for processing and bone regeneration properties.

It is envisaged that this approach will develop an alternative to bone grafts, providing less invasive procedures, less risk and greater control for surgeons, thus contributing towards improving quality of life of patients. The structure and function of bone will be replaced with a scaffold, which mimics naturally occurring aspects, ensuring suitable functionality and enabling timely regeneration of structural bone.