Robust metrics needed for circularity in mining
The International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) highlights opportunities for measuring circularity.

The ICMM, the International Copper Association and Circle Economy Consulting highlight product vs process circularity, the need for distinct indicators and how this diversity requires adaptable key performance indicators.
There is no one-size-fits-all solution for assessing circularity in metals value chains, the paper claims.
Measuring circularity within metals value chains states effective metrics must address both process and product circularity, consider impacts and opportunities across the entire value chain, and be tailored by companies to reflect their specific business models, operating contexts and locations.
It claims tracking circularity can maximise operational value, reduce waste, contribute more to responsible production and management within urban stocks – the minerals and metals in use in our infrastructure or discarded in society.
The document asserts this will support the global shift towards circularity and engage meaningfully in policy development.